In an effort to gauge how prepared graduating high school seniors are to manage their personal finances, the National Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy has conducted national surveys in 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006.  The Michigan Jump$tart Coalition, seeking state-specific results, took the national survey into the field in 2001.   The researcher for all three national studies was Lewis Mandell, Ph.D., professor of finance and managerial economics at the University at Buffalo School of Management.  The Michigan survey was authored by Mandell, though conducted by the National Institute for Consumer Education.